Internet of Things and the Smart-Cities-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Internet of things and the smart-cities. Answer: The Internet of things (IoT) is a network of home appliances, physical devices, vehicles and other similar products that are embedded with actuators, electronics, sensors, and software. The IoT devices transfer messages and information over the Internet. A clear strategy is required to successfully build a smart city. IoT devices like robots, drones, self-driving vehicles, 3D printing, and big data can bring significant transformational changes in energy and water, health, education, finance, buildings and livings, retails and logistics. The essay illustrates the social factors, the economic factors and the political factors that must be taken into consideration to build a smart city. Transformational changes in economy and society (Source: Ji et al., 2014) Smart Mobility Smart mobility solutions main objective is to build greener and cheaper transportation means. Thus these IoT solutions are both socially and economically feasible. Smart parking: It is quite difficult to find one suitable parking space in a large city. However, smart IoT solutions can be helpful to optimize the parking spaces for the smart cities. Smart sensors are connected to the parking spaces. The sensors are capable to detect whether there is an empty space or not. The sensors can address the cars currently in the parking area (Centenaro et al., 2016). The drivers can acknowledge nearest free parking slots. Generally, the parking slots of offices remain busy in the normal working days and working hours. Outside these hours, these parking slots can be used especially in the evening and the weekends. The users with the help of IoT and Internet services can reserve parking area outside office hours. Self-driving cars: The self-driving cars or autonomous cars are the ones that are capable to drive itself and they do not require any human intervention. They use various techniques to detect its surroundings. They mainly use the sensors like odometry, radar, GPS, laser light and computer vision (Ji et al., 2014). The self-driving cars can be used wisely. The utilisation of these cars can be combined with principles of sharing economy to lessen a large number of cars' usage and parking spaces' usage in the cities. In this case, the users do not have to use their cars instead they have to subscribe to the transportation services. Thus the users can be economically benefitted. Smart Safety The smart IoT devices are capable to provide safety to the society. Smart Street Lighting is emergency are some of the IoT solutions defined in the essay. Smart Street Lighting: Smart Street Lighting is good for the society as it reduces energy consumption. The smart street lights must be designed in such a way that it will become brighter when any specific vehicle is approaching nearby (Anagnostopoulos et al., 2015). The lights must glow when an ambulance or fire truck arrives. It can save time and can protect lives of many. Data-based crime prevention programs: The crime can be detected using the big data analysis. The government agencies can make use of the data to safeguard the society (Arasteh et al., 2016). Any individuals can prevent recidivism with the aid of IoT and big data analysis. Smart emergency apps: The smart apps and the emergency apps can be helpful for the citizens. The citizens can send alerts in case of emergency via all these apps. Thus the smart apps can help the citizens either in case of medical and criminal emergency (Urbieta et al., 2017). The apps inform the nearby police officers or safety guards or the nearby central police stations. Smart Energy Smart energy is related to low energy consumptions and the greener energy generation. Smart energy is useful comes with both social and economic benefits. Smart energy reduces the electricity consumptions, thus save users do not have to pay heavy electricity bills. Smart metering: The smart meters are helpful to generate data and all these data are used to get an overall view of the energy usage patterns. The smart apps use all the data and use concepts like the gamification (Khanna Anand, 2016). The gamification can make the consumers aware of the energy usage. The IoT thus can assist to decrease the energy consumption. Household devices: The IoT can be useful to manufacture household products or household appliances like kitchen appliances. Electric Vehicle charging: The vehicles which run on electric contain the battery. The battery has high energy storage capacity. This gives scope to store energy at the time of production peaks (Rathore et al., 2016). This also gives surplus energy at the time of the consumption peaks. The storage capacity thus allows smart cities to utilise energy effectively. Smart Water Smart Water solutions help in the minimizing the waste. The cities can get smart due to the smart water solutions. Smart IoT solution is useful for the society. Smart water solution comes with several economic benefits, water wastage can be minimized, and water can be reused. Leakage detection: The water scarcity and population growth have become important due to water loss management. The water providers equip the distribution network with the sensors in such a way such that they can provide real-time insight into quality, pressure and flows (Perera et al., 2014). The sensors can give the real-time data and it gives detail insight about the leakages. Thus all the leakages can be assessed and minimized. This approach is good for the society and smart cities. Water loss can be minimized. Pollution detection: The IoT and smart sensors are capable to detect water quality and thus the sensors are capable to detect the emergence of pollution. It provides solutions by which the sustainability of the city resources can be detected. Warning for flooding: Smart cities can suffer due to the excessive storm and rain. The smart sensors use the predictive analysis and by combing the geographical data along with weather forecast data detect the flood-prone zones and the times (Anagnostopoulos et al., 2017). Thus IoT and smart sensors can make the citizens of the smart cities aware of floods and the disaster. Smart Buildings Smart IoT sensors have the capabilities to simplify the lifestyle of the users residing in smart buildings. The sensors are capable to enhance ones social lifestyle and safety. Power consumption: The smart buildings have the capability to adjust the power consumption at the time of electricity scarcity (Toenjes, Kuemper Fischer, 2015). If the loads are high or the voltage is high, the smart IoT energy grid can send a message to the smart building to lower the power consumption. Smart refilling: Coffee machine and towel dispensaries require smart refilling. Refilling must be done in proper time. If the refilling is done too early then the owner of the buildings will have to bear heavy costs. If the refilling is done too late, then the users will get unsatisfactory results. Renewable energy: Smart buildings use the renewable energy like the thermal energy storage and the IoT solar panel to minimize the energy usage. Usage-based cleaning: IoT sensors can be used for the cleaning purpose. The robots work on commands and clean rooms and buildings. Smart Homes Smart home appliances are used to enhance individuals social lifestyle. Electronic devices, security devices are some of smart IoT based home appliances. Electronic devices: Smart homes are connected to smart IoT devices. The smart devices are laptops, smartphones and tablets (Boulos Al-Shorbaji 2014). Smart lights, coffee machine and smart television and everyday applications can facilitate ones lifestyle. Security devices: The users install home monitoring and security appliances at home, the smart IoT appliances ensure the security of homes. Regulating temperature: Smart IoT sensors installed at home are capable to regulate the temperature inside the home. The sensors are capable to capture real-time data about the light, temperature and humidity of the room. The sensors are capable to optimise the temperature of home by cooling and ventilation (Romero et al., 2016). The IoT sensors reduce costs. The owners of the homes will not have to pay heavy electricity bills. It is both economically and socially beneficial. Smart Health IoT has a huge impact on smart health and it offers several benefits to the society. Patient health records: Patients can get information from the internet sources about the diseases they are suffering from They can also get information to cure those diseases. The patients also can get access to their health records with the aid of IoT solutions. Smart health devices: The users have started to generate their own data with the help of the smart health devices like smart health band. The smart IoT health band gives the real-time data of physical conditions of particular individuals (Mohanty, Choppali Kougianos, 2016). The individuals can gather data on the basis of four objectives: self-improvement, self-discovery, self-awareness and self-knowledge. Advanced Robotics: The IoT based robots can be helpful for the treatment of the patients. The robots can perform certain sensitive tasks better than humans so they are used in specialized tasks. The robots can provide support to the patients. The robots can take special care of the patients. 3D printing: The surgeons with the help of IoT based 3D printing can practice a complication procedure on brain and heart of the patient. Smart Education IoT also facilitates smart education. Smart cities require smart people. Smart education is required for the betterment of the society. Digitization of education: Digital technology has paved the way for a new form of education. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are provided by the top universities of the world. The students can combine all the educational services from numerous educational providers and can create a learning path of their own. They can learn according to their talents, preferences and interests. The students do not need to visit University and they can learn the staffs sitting at home (Chakrabarty Engels, 2016). Smart IoT based Education is specifically useful for the disabled students. The disabled students can get access to the quality education with the help of the Smart Education. Smart Finance IoT eases smart finance and thereby can enhance the economic growth of the cities. Data based risk analysis: The IoT technologies- data analytics along with artificial intelligence is useful in assessing the risks. The companies with the help of the data analysis can get a competitive advantage. Data-based insurance: IoT is valuable to create useful data. In case of car insurance, IoT can be helpful as it can give an overview of driving behaviour. Digital payment systems: The mobile payments and smartphones have come up with the biometric authentication (Tao, Ota Dong, 2018). The customers do not need to pay cash in the end. The companies are mastering new technologies and they have skills and expertise in the large-scale transaction processing system. Smart Tourism Smart Tourism is an important aspect that must be considered. The IoT devices enhance the travel and tourism business. Crowd management: The IoT can be effective to manage large crowds. The technologies provide a detailed overview of the behaviour of the crowd. Recommendations have been made in the report that has provided effective measures for controlling the crowd. WiFi sensors can track the mobile devices of the individuals, the GPS trackers and the social media can assist to count the people (Medvedev et al., 2015). The advanced analytics aids in predicting the number of people in one particular area in advance. Robot guides: The IoT robots have become innovative. They have come up with social capabilities and machine vision and it provides a guide. The groups of tourists are approached by the robots (Ahlgren, Hidell Ngai, 2016). They answer their questions and display the surroundings. They are basically used in the tourists sites. Smart Retail The IoT devices facilitate smart retail business. Smart retail and logistics offer unparalleled flexibility. The IoT facilitates the retailers as well as the customers. Smart retail can help the customers economically. Virtual fitting: Smart mobile apps can be useful to show customers how the products actually look and fit on the customers. The customers can get a feel how the products look and feel when they are actually not wearing (Sanchez et al., 2014). For instance, in case of makeup, the smartphone actually utilizes the front camera of the phone and create an image of the face of the customers. After that on the face of the customers, the apps project the make-up. The uses can take a glimpse how the furniture actually looks in the home environments. Online retail: Mobile applications are used to purchase products online. The IoT facilitates the customers to add items to the cart (Balsamo et al., 2017). It also facilitates online money transaction and confirmation of orders. Smart Logistics IoT based smart Logistics is facilitating the order delivery and thus the customers are getting quick and efficient service. Smart Logistics is influencing the business economy. The customers can get quick efficient service at affordable prices. Personalised delivery: Online retailers offer multiple facilities. They offer flexibilities and smart solutions in terms of delivery place and time. The customers have the opportunity to choose the delivery methods they can order products by transacting money online. They can opt for cash on delivery (Cheng et al., 2015). The customers have the flexibility to choose the delivery time. Robotised order picking: The e-commerce companies facilitate the same day delivery (Del Fiore et al., 2016). The companies with the help of IoT prepare the parcel within 30 minutes as soon as the customer clicks the order button. Smart city distribution: The trend of e-commerce transactions is increasing day by day. The parcel delivery is also increasing hand in hand. The courier services and the e-commerce companies are preventing pollution and traffic congestion (Rhee, 2016). They are also aiming to distribute parcels through zero-emission electric vehicles. Smart manufacturing Smart IoT based manufacturing can lead to the development of infrastructure for the smart cities. The essay defines additive manufacturing and robotics. Additive manufacturing: Additive manufacturing is also termed as 3D printing. Additive manufacturing is the manufacturing technique that is helpful to create objects by addition (Lea Blackstock, 2014). Also, the price of additive manufacturing is gradually diminishing, thus the AM is getting competitive in comparison to the traditional technologies. Robotics: Robots are capable to perform tasks automatically. They can even perform the dangerous tasks with ease. Robots will not certainly overtake the human beings. However, they will take on growing part of the manufacturing sector. Smart Government Smart Government by utilizing IoT and latest technology can bring innovation in all parts of the value chain. IoT is influencing smart cities politically as well. Following IoT policies: The government value chain initiates with the assessment of the perceived societal issues. The big data combining with data analytics techniques enhances the predictive power of the analyses. The citizens of the smart cities must follow the principles and the policies set up by the government (Ejaz et al., 2017). The citizens following the policies can lead a better life. A smart city can only be maintained by following the IoT solutions carefully. It can be concluded from the above discourse that IoT devices like self-driving cars, drones, robots, 3D printing and big data can enhance the growth of smart cities. IoT is basically a system of connected physical objects like digital machines, mechanical devices and computing devices. The objects can be accessed through the Internet. The IoT solutions can create a great impact on smart cities economically, socially and politically and the essay has elaborated all those impacts in details. The IoT devices generally influence the areas-water, health, education, finance, buildings and livings, retails and logistics and government and essay have discussed all these aspects in details. References Ahlgren, B., Hidell, M., Ngai, E. C. H. (2016). Internet of things for smart cities: Interoperability and open data.IEEE Internet Computing,20(6), 52-56. Anagnostopoulos, T., Zaslavsky, A., Kolomvatsos, K., Medvedev, A., Amirian, P., Morley, J., Hadjieftymiades, S. (2017). Challenges and opportunities of waste management in IoT-enabled smart cities: a survey.IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing,2(3), 275-289. Anagnostopoulos, T., Zaslavsy, A., Medvedev, A., Khoruzhnicov, S. (2015, June). Top--k Query Based Dynamic Scheduling for IoT-enabled Smart City Waste Collection. InMobile Data Management (MDM), 2015 16th IEEE International Conference on(Vol. 2, pp. 50-55). IEEE. Arasteh, H., Hosseinnezhad, V., Loia, V., Tommasetti, A., Troisi, O., Shafie-Khah, M., Siano, P. (2016, June). Iot-based smart cities: a survey. InEnvironment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Balsamo, D., Merrett, G. V., Zaghari, B., Wei, Y., Ramchurn, S., Stein, S., ... Beeby, S. (2017). Wearable and autonomous computing for future smart cities: open challenges. Boulos, M. N. K., Al-Shorbaji, N. M. (2014). On the Internet of Things, smart cities and the WHO Healthy Cities. Centenaro, M., Vangelista, L., Zanella, A., Zorzi, M. (2016). Long-range communications in unlicensed bands: The rising stars in the IoT and smart city scenarios.IEEE Wireless Communications,23(5), 60-67. Chakrabarty, S., Engels, D. W. (2016, January). A secure IoT architecture for Smart Cities. InConsumer Communications Networking Conference (CCNC), 2016 13th IEEE Annual(pp. 812-813). IEEE. Cheng, B., Longo, S., Cirillo, F., Bauer, M., Kovacs, E. (2015, June). Building a big data platform for smart cities: Experience and lessons from santander. InBig Data (BigData Congress), 2015 IEEE International Congress on(pp. 592-599). IEEE. Del Fiore, G., Mainetti, L., Mighali, V., Patrono, L., Alletto, S., Cucchiara, R., Serra, G. (2016). A Location-Aware Architecture for an IoT-Based Smart Museum.International Journal of Electronic Government Research (IJEGR),12(2), 39-55. Ejaz, W., Naeem, M., Shahid, A., Anpalagan, A., Jo, M. (2017). Efficient energy management for the internet of things in smart cities.IEEE Communications Magazine,55(1), 84-91. Ji, Z., Ganchev, I., O'Droma, M., Zhao, L., Zhang, X. (2014). A cloud-based car parking middleware for IoT-based smart cities: Design and implementation.Sensors,14(12), 22372-22393. Khanna, A., Anand, R. (2016, January). IoT based smart parking system. InInternet of Things and Applications (IOTA), International Conference on(pp. 266-270). IEEE. Lea, R., Blackstock, M. (2014, December). City hub: A cloud-based iot platform for smart cities. InCloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom), 2014 IEEE 6th International Conference on(pp. 799-804). IEEE. Medvedev, A., Fedchenkov, P., Zaslavsky, A., Anagnostopoulos, T., Khoruzhnikov, S. (2015, August). Waste management as an IoT-enabled service in smart cities. InConference on Smart Spaces(pp. 104-115). Springer, Cham. Mohanty, S. P., Choppali, U., Kougianos, E. (2016). Everything you wanted to know about smart cities: The internet of things is the backbone.IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine,5(3), 60-70. Perera, C., Zaslavsky, A., Christen, P., Georgakopoulos, D. (2014). Sensing as a service model for smart cities supported by internet of things.Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies,25(1), 81-93. Rathore, M. M., Ahmad, A., Paul, A., Rho, S. (2016). Urban planning and building smart cities based on the internet of things using big data analytics.Computer Networks,101, 63-80. Rhee, S. (2016, April). Catalyzing the internet of things and smart cities: Global city teams challenge. InScience of Smart City Operations and Platforms Engineering (SCOPE) in partnership with Global City Teams Challenge (GCTC)(SCOPE-GCTC), 2016 1st International Workshop on(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Romero, C. D. G., Barriga, J. K. D., Molano, J. I. R. (2016, June). Big data meaning in the architecture of IoT for smart cities. InInternational Conference on Data Mining and Big Data(pp. 457-465). Springer, Cham. Sanchez, L., Muoz, L., Galache, J. A., Sotres, P., Santana, J. R., Gutierrez, V., ... Pfisterer, D. (2014). SmartSantander: IoT experimentation over a smart city testbed.Computer Networks,61, 217-238. Tao, M., Ota, K., Dong, M. (2018). Locating Compromised Data Sources in IoT-enabled Smart City: A Great-Alternative-Region-based Approach.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. Toenjes, R., Kuemper, D., Fischer, M. (2015, December). Knowledge-based spatial reasoning for iot-enabled smart city applications. InData Science and Data Intensive Systems (DSDIS), 2015 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 736-737). IEEE. Urbieta, A., Gonzlez-Beltrn, A., Mokhtar, S. B., Hossain, M. A., Capra, L. (2017). Adaptive and context-aware service composition for IoT-based smart cities.Future Generation Computer Systems,76, 262-274.